The first one is the one of the volcano Prometheus, at "9 hours", and the second that of the volcano Amirani, between Prometheus and Tvashtar along the border at day-night on the moon. Two other smaller panache are hardly visible. The most spectacular panache is the one which amounts to 290 kilometers above the volcano Tvashtar near the north pole. Io watch on the photo opposite, its intense activity because three volcanic panache are visible in spite of the smallness of the image. Photo taken by the probe Cassini-Huygens in December, 2000. It makes the tour, on a very low orbit, in 42 hours and 27 minutes. Indeed with its 3680 km in diameters, Io seems tiny when she walks past the enormous globe of Jupiter (143000 km in diameter). Image: We perceive on this tiny photography Io with its shadow being reflected on the gigantic surface of Jupiter. Certain regions constitute a magnificent contrasted palette where dominate the yellow, the green and the red.Ĭhangeable tints of lava flows reflect, partially, the chemical states of the sulfur which changes according to the temperature. The sulfur and its compounds look to these landscapes of the colorful colors. The surface of Io thus presents a big variety of grounds characterized by depressions which correspond to the calderas of volcanoes, eminences, high trays, mountains and chains of craters. Pulled so between Jupiter and Europe, deformed every 42 hours by tides of big amplitudes (until 100 m), Io warms up and loosens billions of kilowatts of heat or 40 times more than the Earth, while she is not bigger than the Moon.Īll this makes that this celestial body the internal layers of which are in fusion in a permanent, present way ceaseless and gigantic volcanic eruptions amount on average to 10 000 tons of lava per second and by volcano. On every meeting, both moons incur and deform mutually. Io, faster, thus catches up it and exceeds it both tours of orbit. Placed on a higher orbit, Europe makes the tour of Jupiter in 85 hours. So by shaving the huge planet, it is subjected to an enormous effect of tide which deforms it and warms, not only its surface but also its internal layers.įor that purpose of tide, is added the second, that of another moon of Jupiter, a little smaller Europe with its 3 122 km in diameters. Its orbit is very low, Io puts in 42 hours and 27 minutes to make the tour of Jupiter. With 3 680 km in diameters, Io seems tiny when she walks past the enormous globe of Jupiter the diameter of which is 143 000 km. Io is subjected to a double effect of tide which stretches its surface and its internal layers everywhere. This interaction deforms the surface of Io which lifts up itself and falls up to 100 meters and produces of the heat by internal friction.īefore even the discovery of the volcanic eruptions of Io, these had been foreseen by a team of American researchers, steered by S. Although Io always presents the same in front of Jupiter, the presence of Europe and Ganymede makes it vacillate a little. The energy necessary for this activity results probably from interactions of tide between Io, Europe, Ganymede and Jupiter. Io is especially remarkable for its active volcanism, observed that on the Earth. It pulls its name of Io, loving conquest of Zeus persecuted by the wife of this last one, Hera, whose a priestess she had been. Io’s volcanism is responsible for many of the moon’s unique characteristics, including geyser-like features called “plume eruptions.” Since no water is known to exist on Io, these eruptions likely emit sulfur and sulfur dioxide gas.Io is one of four Galilean moons of Jupiter, the closest to the planet. This constant gravitational tug-of-war creates stretching and pulling inside the moon which generates intense heat in Io’s interior, leading to volcanic activity on the moon’s surface. The gravitational pull of Jupiter forces Io toward the planet, while three small moons pull Io in the opposite direction. Jupiter’s moon Io is the fourth largest moon in our solar system and has at least 400 active volcanoes. Water Treasures > Global Context > Out of This World > Io Out of This World Global Context - Old Faithful Virtual Visitor Center
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